Neurosciences au service de la communication commerciale : manipulation et éthique - Une critique du neuromarketing

title : Neurosciences in the service of marketing communication: manipulation and ethics- A critique of neuromarketing Abstract : By using knowledge in neurosciences, the neuromarketing claims to be capable of influencing the purchasing behavior of the persons without they are conscious of it, and thus, improve commercial communication strategies. We defend another hypothesis: the neuromarketing would be essentially a "marketing trick". Through a critical analysis of this instrumentalization of neurosciences, we show how the communication researchers can use their skills in the service of organizations by highlighting the uselessness of certain "fashionable" scientific applications and the importance of an ethical reflection in the interest of organizations.Le neuromarketing prétend être capable de tirer des enseignements des neurosciences pour influencer les comportements d'achat des personnes, notamment à leur insu, et permettre l'amélioration des stratégies de communication commerciale. Nous défendons une autre hypothèse : le neuromarketing serait essentiellement un " coup marketing ". A travers une analyse critique de cette instrumentalisation des neurosciences, nous ouvrons une réflexion critique sur le neuromarketing et la manipulation des personnes. Nous montrons l'importance d'une réflexion éthique dans l'intérêt même des organisations et des entreprises

Coupling an Annotated Corpus and a Morphosyntactic Lexicon for State-of-the-Art POS Tagging with Less Human Effort

PACLIC 23 / City University of Hong Kong / 3-5 December 200

Electrochemical oxidation of oxalic acid and hydrazinium nitrate on platinum in nitric acid media

Several studies in the literature have investigated the electrochemical effects of oxalic acid and hydrazine on various materials in neutral (pH buffered to 7), basic or weakly acidic media (pH 6). The present work proposes electrochemical techniques that allow for the study of the electrochemical behavior, on a Pt electrode, of oxalic acid and hydrazinium nitrate to better understand their oxidation mechanisms in a nitric acid medium at a pH below 1; in addition, some experiments were carried out to define an electrochemical method that would allow for the simultaneous detection of these species when present within process effluent in very acidic solutions. Some physical data regarding oxalic acid and hydrazinium nitrate were also determined: anodic oxidation of hydrazinium nitrate and oxalic acid were observed at 0.2 V and 0.7 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), respectively. The diffusion coefficients of hydrazinium nitrate and oxalic acid were found to be 5.2 × 10−6 and 2.9 × 10−7 cm2 s−1, respectively. An experimental design approach demonstrated the influence of nitric acid concentrations on the diffusion coefficients of these species

Implicit Cooperative Positioning in Vehicular Networks

Absolute positioning of vehicles is based on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) combined with on-board sensors and high-resolution maps. In Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS), the positioning performance can be augmented by means of vehicular networks that enable vehicles to share location-related information. This paper presents an Implicit Cooperative Positioning (ICP) algorithm that exploits the Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) connectivity in an innovative manner, avoiding the use of explicit V2V measurements such as ranging. In the ICP approach, vehicles jointly localize non-cooperative physical features (such as people, traffic lights or inactive cars) in the surrounding areas, and use them as common noisy reference points to refine their location estimates. Information on sensed features are fused through V2V links by a consensus procedure, nested within a message passing algorithm, to enhance the vehicle localization accuracy. As positioning does not rely on explicit ranging information between vehicles, the proposed ICP method is amenable to implementation with off-the-shelf vehicular communication hardware. The localization algorithm is validated in different traffic scenarios, including a crossroad area with heterogeneous conditions in terms of feature density and V2V connectivity, as well as a real urban area by using Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO) for traffic data generation. Performance results show that the proposed ICP method can significantly improve the vehicle location accuracy compared to the stand-alone GNSS, especially in harsh environments, such as in urban canyons, where the GNSS signal is highly degraded or denied.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures, in review, 201

Magnetic shielding properties of high-temperature superconducting tubes subjected to axial fields

We have experimentally studied the magnetic shielding properties of a cylindrical shell of BiPbSrCaCuO subjected to low frequency AC axial magnetic fields. The magnetic response has been investigated as a function of the dimensions of the tube, the magnitude of the applied field and the frequency. These results are explained quantitatively by employing the method of Brandt (1998 Phys. Rev. B 58 6506) with a Jc(B) law appropriate for a polycrystalline material. Specifically, we observe that the applied field can sweep into the central region either through the thickness of the shield or through the opening ends, the latter mechanism being suppressed for long tubes. For the first time, we systematically detail the spatial variation of the shielding factor (the ratio of the applied field over the internal magnetic field) along the axis of a high-temperature superconducting tube. The shielding factor is shown to be constant in a region around the centre of the tube, and to decrease as an exponential in the vicinity of the ends. This spatial dependence comes from the competition between two mechanisms of field penetration. The frequency dependence of the shielding factor is also discussed and shown to follow a power law arising from the finite creep exponent n.Comment: 22 pages, 10 figure

Production of non-local quartets and phase-sensitive entanglement in a superconducting beam splitter

Three BCS superconductors S_a, S_b, and S and two short normal regions N_a and N_b in a three-terminal S_aN_aSN_bS_b set-up provide a source of non-local quartets spatially separated as two correlated pairs in S_a and S_b, if the distance between the interfaces N_aS and SN_b is comparable to the coherence length in S. Low-temperature dc-transport of non-local quartets from S to S_a and S_b can occur in equilibrium, and also if S_a and S_b are biased at opposite voltages. At higher temperatures, thermal excitations result in correlated current fluctuations which depend on the superconducting phases phi_a and phi_b in S_a and S_b. Phase-sensitive entanglement is obtained at zero temperature if N_a and N_b are replaced by discrete levels.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures; technical details attached in ancillary file http://arxiv.org/src/1102.2355v4/anc/EPAPS_Freyn_2011.pdf; higher versions: minor corrections, cleanup and corrected reference

Le constructivisme en communication : une évidence à revisiter

Le constructivisme apparaît comme un courant de pensée dont les propositions ne peuvent, certes, être formellement validées (ou falsifiées) et qui manque, sûrement, d’une structuration rigoureuse. Toutefois, dans l’optique que nous en présentons ici, il doit être considéré comme une « posture » utile et « efficace » en sciences humaines, et plus particulièrement en Sciences de l’information et de la communication. Présupposant un homme non parfaitement déterminé qui, très paradoxalement, s’élabore lui-même tout en bâtissant le monde selon des dispositifs dont il n’a généralement pas conscience, et orientant les recherches en Sciences de l’information et de la communication dans le sens de l’étude et de l’élucidation des « constructions communicationnelles » du « réel ordinaire », le constructivisme « ouvre » opportunément – bien loin de tout « relativisme » – nos sciences sur l’éthique.Constructivism appears as a current of thought which propositions cannot, with certainty, be formally verified (or falsified) and which lacks, certainly, a rigorous structuralization. However, in the optics which we present here, it should be considered as a useful and “effective posture” in human sciences, and more particularly in sciences of the information and communication. Presupposing an imperfect determined man who, very paradoxically, construct himself by building the world according to devices of which he is generally not conscious, and orientating research in sciences of information and communication in the sense of the study and the clarification of “communicational constructions” of the common reality, constructivism opens opportunely – indeed far from any relativism – our sciences on ethics

D-SLATS: Distributed Simultaneous Localization and Time Synchronization

Through the last decade, we have witnessed a surge of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and with that a greater need to choreograph their actions across both time and space. Although these two problems, namely time synchronization and localization, share many aspects in common, they are traditionally treated separately or combined on centralized approaches that results in an ineffcient use of resources, or in solutions that are not scalable in terms of the number of IoT devices. Therefore, we propose D-SLATS, a framework comprised of three different and independent algorithms to jointly solve time synchronization and localization problems in a distributed fashion. The First two algorithms are based mainly on the distributed Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) whereas the third one uses optimization techniques. No fusion center is required, and the devices only communicate with their neighbors. The proposed methods are evaluated on custom Ultra-Wideband communication Testbed and a quadrotor, representing a network of both static and mobile nodes. Our algorithms achieve up to three microseconds time synchronization accuracy and 30 cm localization error

A conical mandrel tube drawing test designed to assess failure criteria

International audienceCold tube drawing is a metal forming process which enables to produce tubes with high dimensional precision. It consists in reducing tube dimensions by pulling it through a die. Tube outer diameter is calibrated by a die and the tube inner diameter and thickness are calibrated by a mandrel. One of the major concern of metal forming industry is the constant improvement of productivity and product quality. In the aim of pushing the process to the limit the question is how far the material can be processed without occurrence of failure. In the present study, a long conical mandrel with a small cone angle was designed in order to carry out drawing tests up to fracture with experimental conditions very close to the industrial process. The FEM of the process was built in order to access the local stress and strain data. A specific emphasis was put on the friction characterisation. For that purpose force measurement during the conical mandrel experiments enabled to characterise a pressure dependent friction coefficient constitutive law by means of an inverse analysis. Finally, eleven failure criteria were selected to study the drawability of cobalt-chromium alloy tubes. The assessment of failure criteria based on damage variables or damage accumulation variables involved their calibration on uniaxial tensile tests. The experimental studies were completed by SEM fractography which enabled to understand the fracture locus and the propagation direction of the fracture